Buchenwald intake photographs of Lajos, Michal and Zacharias Helman, 2 June 1944, boards 322, 323 and 324
Buchenwald intake, 2 June 1944. The placards read A 2 6 44, then the board number. Two brothers and their uncle, from one village, in one trade, photographed one behind the other about a week after Auschwitz. Arolsen Archives · prisoner cards 56906, 57103, 57101

Tiszabogdány · Subcarpathia

The paperwork built to erase them is what returns their names.

A repeatable method for recovering Holocaust family histories from fragmented, multilingual archives, and the family it was built on.

“We all have stories to tell. You know, all of us have some kind of story to tell.”

Helen Landó Helman · recorded testimony

Three photographs, from three separate cards but one family, are a rare survival. Auschwitz had stopped photographing prisoners the year before, so a face exists at all only for a man pulled out for labour and sent on to a camp that still kept an identification service. These were the first images the family had ever seen of anyone on that side.

Helen · 1929 to 2013
Helen at Kloster Indersdorf, 1946, with her friend Ibi Winterman
1946Indersdorf, with her best friend Ibi Winterman (middle)
Helen in Chicago, 1948
1948Chicago
Helen, studio portrait, 1950s
1950sStudio portrait
Helen with her granddaughter Sam, 2000
2000With her granddaughter Sam
Helen with her granddaughter Sam at her high school graduation, 2010
2010With Sam, Huntington Beach High School graduation

Where it started

In 2019 the family had one prisoner card and assumed that was the end of it. By 2026 it was a dossier of more than three hundred records: a village on the Tisza, a roundup, a ghetto nobody in the family had ever named, a transport, two camps, a subcamp, a death, two survivals, and a branch of the family in Israel that had been lost for eighty years.

None of it required travel. All of it required knowing where the paperwork had to put a person, and being willing to read a list nobody had a reason to finish.


The standard

An identification is admitted only where independent record types corroborate one another without contradiction, and every linkage is verified against the primary document. Where the evidence supports a probable conclusion rather than a proven one, it is stated as probable.

Read the case  ·  See the method

The signature of Zacharias Helman
Zacharias Helman · Bohdan, 1929

In her own voice

“We all have stories to tell. You know, all of us have some kind of story to tell.”

Helen Landó Helman · recorded testimony